Irrigation Cooling Effect on Local Temperatures in the North China Plain Based on an Improved Detection Method

Irrigation has excellent potential for altering surface characteristics and the local climate. Although studies using site observations or remote sensing data have demonstrated an irrigation cooling effect (ICE) on air temperature (Tem) land (LST), it is difficult to eliminate other stress factors due different backgrounds. We characterized as differences (Δ) of LST DCT (DCT = − Tem) between irrigated adjacent non-irrigated areas. An improved method was proposed detect over North China Plain (NCP) based satellite observations. also investigated effects Tem, precipitation, NDVI, ET, explored relationships them. The results show that induced a decrease in daytime/nighttime (−0.13/−0.09 −0.14/−0.07 °C yr−1), Tem (−0.023 spring), precipitation (−1.461 mm increase NDVI (0.03 spring) ET (0.289 yr−1) across NCP. nighttime increased by 0.04 10 yr−1 0.003 yr−1, weakened 0.23 during 2000–2015. ICE had evident spatiotemporal heterogeneity, which greater daytime, spring, northern area NCP (dry–hot conditions). daytime 0.37 0.50 respectively, with strongest 0.60 Henan; however, less (<0.1 °C) southern throughout year. ΔNDVI, ΔET, ΔTem were main driving ICE, explaining approximatively 22%, 45%, 25% respectively. For every unit these measures increased, about 7.3, 4.6, 1.5 °C, This study highlights broad LST, climate, provides important information predicting climate change future. more suitable regions uneven terrain varying